“Internetworking Architecture” (Leiner et al. 2009) was a fundamental design that enable machines and computers to communicate via internet regardless of underlying communication protocol. TCP/IP were implemented in UNIX operating system triggers a widespread adoption of internet (Leiner et al. 2009). Dispersion of protocols began in research community. Recall that predecessor of internet project (it was named “internetworking” at the time) was funded with the goal to increase speed and efficiency of research collaborations.

Alan Kay famously critique World Wide Web (WWW) where HTML is originated. He publicly dislike HTML as followed Things like [HTML] happens when we let physicists play with computer. He stated that HTML is a bad markup language because people who build HTML thinks their way of representing web page is the only way. He mentioned a (older and) better alternative to HTML is to define protocol based on ordered region on a tape — back when tapes were still popular means of storage in 1950’s.

Modern OOP is misused and misunderstood. Modern OOP create an object to abstract over the object internal state. Originally, OOP is intended to be used to abstract objects over the most important processes that take place within environment in which objects exit. This is done by exposing interfaces that are capable of interacting with the outside world 1. In the other word, an object should be built to be resurgence, to protect itself from dynamic environment.